Little was done to give them any real education. They received their preliminary training on board the receiving ships provided they were not hurried straight from the recruiting station to sea. None of these except Sacketts Harbor gave instructions to enlisted men. Schools for the instruction of junior officers were established at Norfolk, New York, and at the Naval Asylum at Philadelphia, with less pretentious ones at the Washington Navy Yard and at Sacketts Harbor. On vessels without schoolmasters they were instructed by the chaplains, or the captain's clerk acting as a chaplain. They received their training on ship board from their superior officers. Prior to the establishment of the Naval Academy larger ships were provided with schoolmasters for the education of the midshipmen, most of whom entered the navy very young. Potatoes and onions were good for scurvy. Corn meal and potatoes were also provided in quantities. The captain sometimes turned the deck into a veritable farmyard with live pigs, ducks, geese, and chickens for use after leaving port.Ī supply of ships bread or biscuit sufficient for several weeks was taken on board before sailing. Turtles, turtle eggs, cocoanuts, fruits and vegetables were secured whenever possible. Fresh meat and vegetables were used in port by both officers and crew and fishing tackle was standard equipment in order to provide fresh fish whenever possible. Until refrigeration was available on ship board salt beef and pork, also butter and fish, were preserved in brine and frequently became so bad they had to be thrown overboard. The spirit ration for enlisted men was abolished by law in 1862. The same year raisins, dried apples, other fruits, coffee, cocoa, pickles, cranberries and "sour crout" were added to the ration, to be used in lieu of other parts of it, not to exceed the value set by law. This age was raised to 21 in 1842 by an Act of Congress. Very young boys, both enlisted and midshipmen, were prohibited from the use of spirits but were given money instead. Rations per week per Man according to Regulations of 1818.
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